Explained: Supreme Court to decide what counts as an ‘industry’ under Indian labour law

The definition of an 'industry' determines which workplaces are covered by the law and, consequently, which employees are entitled to a higher degree of statutory protection regarding wages, working ...
LiveLaw

Welfare State Functions, Charitable Acts Can't Be Regarded As 'Industry': Centre Tells Supreme Court In 9-Judge Bench Hearing

The Union Government on Tuesday (March 17) told the Supreme Court that welfare activities and charitable functions undertaken by the State cannot be treated as “industry” under labour ...

Won’t examine ‘industry’ definition in Industrial Relations Code 2020: SC

The bench said the contours of industry under the 2020 Code, which came into force from November 21, 2025, could be the subject matter of a fresh challenge| India News ...

Supreme Court nine-judge Constitution Bench commences hearing on definition of 'industry'

Supreme Court's nine-judge bench begins hearings on the definition of 'industry' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
The Print

1978 Bangalore water supply verdict: The ‘definition of industry’ case & why it’s being revisited now

In a major constitutional decision which will have wide ramifications for India’s labour prospects, a 9-judge bench will ...

Welfare of armed forces a core government function, says SC

The Supreme Court ruled that the Air Force Group Insurance Society is a "State" under the Constitution, allowing employees to challenge its decisions in court.| India News ...

Mint Explainer | Why the Supreme Court is re-examining a 48-year-old definition of ‘industry’ that could affect millions

India's top court will revisit a landmark 1978 judgment that broadly defined 'industry', impacting which organizations fall under labour laws and workers' access to dispute mechanisms. A nine-judge ...
The Pioneer

Air Force Group Insurance Society performs public function, it is ‘State’ under Constitution: SC

The Supreme Court holds that the Air Force Group Insurance Society (AFGIS) qualifies as a ‘State’ under Article 12 of the ...
Investopedia

Comprehensive Guide to Aggregate Functions: Definition and Examples

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...
IEEE

State-space Model Based Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Reward Function Estimation in Brain-machine Interfaces

Abstract: The use of reinforcement learning (RL) in brain machine interfaces (BMIs) is considered to be a promising method for neural decoding. One key component of RL-based BMIs is the reward signal, ...
IEEE

Robust Safety-Critical Control Under Multiple State and Input Constraints: Volume Control Barrier Function Method

Abstract: This article addresses the challenge of designing robust controllers for uncertain systems subject to multiple input and state constraints. A nonlinear ...
Daryo

Uzbekistan to decentralize over 250 state functions by 2030

The 'Daryo' online publication was registered as a mass media outlet by the Uzbekistan Press and Information Agency (UzMAA, now the Agency of Information and Mass Communications under the ...