The use of directional arrays in FM broadcasting has increased greatly in 30 years. Especially in the NCE reserved band, a DA can increase the operating power of a station significantly while still ...

This article originally appeared in Spectrum Monitor magazine. In the early years of AM radio broadcasting, all stations utilized nondirectional antennas. Most all of these were wire antennas ...

For most of the era of analog television, engineers calculated coverage by plotting at least eight radials, including one passing over the community of license. The terrain height between 3.2 and 16 ...