When the first cells appeared on Earth approximately 3.8 billion years ago, viruses were already here to greet them. Ever since, viruses have been devising ways to infect cells, and cells have been ...

(THE CONVERSATION) Every day, your immune system performs a delicate balancing act ... There, newly created immune cells that attack “self” are eliminated during development through a process called ...

Tom Anchordoquy receives funding for this work from the Nationals Institutes of Health through grant # RO1 CA289447. When the first cells appeared on Earth approximately 3.8 billion years ago, viruses ...