The idea of building settlements on Mars is a popular goal of billionaires, space agencies and interplanetary enthusiasts. But construction demands materials, and we can't ship it all from Earth: it ...

A new study led by researchers in Canada introduces a novel process for the extraction and separation of metals from spent alkaline batteries, offering a promising solution for efficient recycling of ...

Carbothermic reduction is a cornerstone method for extracting titanium from ilmenite, a titanium-iron oxide mineral that forms the backbone of the global titanium industry. In this process, finely ...

Copper smelting - a critical process in metal production - often generates slag, which contains valuable metals. This slag has historically been thrown away, causing harm to the environment and ...