Nick Lioudis is a writer, multimedia professional, consultant, and content manager for Bread. He has also spent 10+ years as a journalist. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered Investment Adviser ...

When managing projects, every decision you make—especially financial ones—has long-term consequences. One of the most ...

Discounted cash flow (DCF) is a valuation method used to estimate the attractiveness of an investment opportunity. Learn how it is calculated and when to use it.

Discounting a future cash flow expresses future returns in today's dollars. This allows a fair comparison between initial business expenses and your expected or realized returns. As an example, you ...

IRR measures the rate needed to break even on an investment. Calculate IRR by setting NPV to zero and solving for the discount rate. Use Excel's IRR function by inputting initial cost and cash inflow.

Here's how to calculate the present value of a perpetual annuity that promises to pay flat or growing annual payments with helpful examples. A perpetual annuity, also called a perpetuity, promises to ...